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Tetranychus urticae is a dangerous agricultural pest worldwide. Abamectin is a widely used acaricide in the prevention and control of T. urticae. However, the resistance caused by inappropriate application of acaricide has become an increasing challenge. Explorating the resistant mechanisms of T. urticae against abamectin can provide the theoretical basis for prolonging lifespan and perform a comprehensive prevention and control strategy. In this study, we conducted an abamectin bioassays on field population, laboratory-derived resistant-and sensitive populations. It was found that the 24 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of the three populations was 7.19 µg/mL, 2061.43 µg/mL and 0.10 µg/mL, respectively, while the LC50 values of the 48 h was 6.32 µg/mL, 1971.55 µg/mL and 0.09 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the resistance ratio of the field population and the laboratory resistant population exceeded 70-fold and 20 000-fold respectively, which belonged to the medium resistance level and the high resistance level. Detoxification enzyme activity of surviving T. urticae following exposure to LC50 treatment showed that the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGTs) in the resistant population was the highest, followed by the field populations, and both two population were significantly higher than those of sensitive population. In comparison, prior to the acaricide treatment, the enzyme activity of the highly resistant population and the medium resistant population increased over time, while the enzyme activity of the sensitive population were inhibited. Quantitative PCR was used to compare the expression differences of the coding gene of the above enzyme detoxification enzymes. It revealed that prior to the treatment, the expression level of GSTm09, GSTd10, UGT204a2 and UGT201d3 in the highly resistant population and the medium resistant population in the field was significantly higher than that in the sensitive population, and the difference in the expression of detoxification enzyme genes between the resistant population and the sensitive population increased further with the extension of treatment time. Correlation analysis showed that the detoxification enzyme activity and the expression of the coding genes were significantly positively correlated with the resistance level to abamectin. The study would provide a theoretical reference for in-depth exploration of T. urticae resistant target genes and the development of resistance management strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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