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Callerya speciosa is an important perennial medicinal and edible plant, with starch and saccharides as the main contents. This study investigated the development law of starch and sucrose metabolism pathways of C. specisoa at different developmental stages and its internal gene regulatory network. Four growth years of C. speciosa roots, including 3-year-old (NG3), 7-year-old (NG7), 10-year-old (NG10), and 15-year-old (NG15), were used as the research objects. The content of total polysaccharide, starch, and sucrose was determined, and transcriptome sequencing was carried out. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different years were screened, and the functions of DEGs in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were focused on. The results showed that with the increase of years, the content of total polysaccharides and starch both showed an increasing trend, with the highest content at 15 years, while the sucrose content was the highest at 3 years, followed by a downward trend. Through transcriptome sequencing, NG3 was compared with NG7, NG10, and NG15, respectively, for intergroup gene expression analysis. With the increase of the growth year span, the total number of DEGs increased. To further explore DEGs in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, a total of 62 DEGs were differentially expressed in the three comparison groups, mainly participating in the regulation of starch, sucrose, and cellulose metabolism. Among them, the expression of sucrose synthesis genes decreased with the increase of years; the expression of starch synthesis genes dominated over starch degradation genes with the increase of years; and the expression of cellulose degradation enzymes decreased with the increase of years. Five key genes in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were screened out for fluorescence quantitative PCR verification, and the expression trend was basically consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The results indicate that C. speciosa is in the growth active period from 3 to 7 years, with the synthesis of sucrose, cellulose, and starch as the main promoters for rapid root expansion and development. When it grows to 7 years, the plant enters a stable growth phase characterized by starch accumulation, sucrose decomposition, and cellulose degradation. This research would provide valuable insights on the study of C. speciosa root expansion mechanism, the innovation of high-yielding varieties, and scientifically guided harvesting practices.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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