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Through the examination of the phenotypic traits of teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) seeds from diverse provenances and pedigrees, this study elucidated the genetic variability patterns of teak seeds and the mechanisms of response to environmental factor fluctuations, thereby fostering the conservation and genetic improvement of teak germplasm resources. Using seeds from 81 teak pedigrees representing 13 provenances across four provinces (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan) as the experimental material, five traits, namely seed length, width, length-width ratio, length-width product, and hundred-seed weight, were quantified. Significant differences (P<0.01) existed among the five phenotypic traits of teak seeds across provenances and pedigrees, with trait variation coefficients ranging from 10.27% to 23.88% among different pedigrees and from 4.21% to 20.32% among different provenances. Substantial correlations prevailed among various phenotypic traits, with varying degrees of influence on seed traits from different environmental factors. Latitude, altitude, and annual precipitation were the primary determinants affecting teak seed traits, followed by annual average temperature, while the impact of annual average relative humidity was relatively minor. Distinct seed traits also exhibited heterogeneous responses to environmental changes, with seed length, seed width, and length-width product being particularly sensitive to annual precipitation, whereas length-width ratio and hundred-seed weight manifested heightened sensitivity to latitude. Cluster analysis categorized the 13 provenances into three classes. Teak seeds manifest prolific phenotypic variation across provenances and pedigrees, with seed traits being influenced by various factors, including maternal inheritance and geographical climate. The research would provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of diverse teak.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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