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In indirect-drive laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the precise calculation of X-ray drive intensity at the capsule is crucial for accurately predicting the implosion performance of deuterium-tritium fuel capsules. Achieving this requires detailed radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that accurately capture processes such as laser-to-X-ray conversion and X-ray absorption losses at the hohlraum walls. However, since the inception of the National Ignition Campaign at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), radiation-hydrodynamic simulations have consistently overestimated the experimentally measured X-ray drive flux intensity at the capsule, reflecting the widespread presence of hohlraum energy deficits. Although extensive experimental studies have been conducted at NIF along with continuous optimization of its radiation-hydrodynamic simulation models, the challenging issue of hohlraum energy deficit remains unresolved, constituting one of the critical barriers to achieving high-gain inertial confinement fusion. This paper systematically reviews the critical research developments regarding hohlraum energy deficit at NIF and introduces the methods adopted by NIF and China for characterizing the X-ray radiation flux intensity at the capsule.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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