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  • Zhisheng Dong, Dang Lu, Hongjiang Liu
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1447-1456.

    The pose control method of the vehicle with dual motor active lateral stabilizer bar is studied in this paper. Firstly, a dynamic model of a dual motor active lateral stabilizer bar and an eight-degree-of-freedom vehicle model including roll, lateral, yaw pitch, and suspension vertical displacement are established. Secondly, for the problem that the control algorithm parameters are difficult to adjust under complex working conditions, the actual pitch angle estimation method, the ideal pitch angle calibration method, and the pitch condition identification method based on vehicle state information such as suspension height signal and road slope signal are proposed. The pitch sub-controller and the roll sub-controller based on PID control algorithm are designed with the dual motor active lateral stabilizer bar as the actuator. Genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of each sub-controller. Finally, combined with the pose control matrix, the vehicle pose joint control algorithm is designed and verified through experiments. The Hardware in Loop results of MATLAB/Simulink CarsimRT and Rapid ECU show that the improvement of the roll angle, roll angle speed, and pitch angle of the vehicle equipped with dual motor active lateral stabilizer bar is more than 10% under different complex working conditions, which proves the feasibility and universality of the control algorithm.

  • Changzhao Liu, Kun Wang, Jian Song, Shuoming Fan, Xianglong Chen
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1457-1468.

    In this paper, an efficient forward collaborative design method for high-performance switched reluctance electric drive systems is proposed to enhance the power density and reduce vehicle loss under typical driving cycle conditions. Firstly, dynamic torque and radial force models of the switched reluctance motor are established. Subsequently, a loss model is developed for both the motor and the electric drive system by incorporating the gear transmission system's loss model to evaluate overall loss during typical driving cycle conditions. Finally, using mechanical, electrical, and control parameters as co-design variables and taking cycle loss, mass, torque fluctuation, and radial force fluctuation as optimization objectives, a double-layer nested optimization method is employed to optimize the design. Based on this approach, an optimized 12/8 grade switched reluctance electric drive system achieves a 19.76% reduction in total weight after collaborative optimization design. Moreover, under typical cycle conditions (CLTC-P), the total system loss decreases by 42.45%, while overall system efficiency increases by 7.66%.

  • Yiting Li, Zepeng Gao, Mengmeng Li, Puyi Wang
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1469-1478.

    As a three-phase power electronic device that emulates the characteristics of motor ports, the electric machine emulator (EME) provides an efficient test method for the testing of electric drive systems. The main sign of EME's restoration of the target motor port characteristics is to accurately restore the working current of the target motor, though the existing research has realized the reduction of the fundamental current and the lower order harmonic current, the restoration of the high-frequency ripple current of the motor driven by the motor controller still relies heavily on the matching of the filter inductor and the inductance of the target motor, which reduces the versatility of the EME. Therefore, based on the circuit equivalence virtual method, the equivalent circuit of PMSM is divided into two parts, with one part replaced by the actual circuit of EME, and the other part emulated by the control algorithm. Then, combining with the predictive control of the non-differential beat current, the control differential beat is compensated and the feedforward decoupling non-differential beat current following strategy is proposed. The experimental results show that based on the newly proposed port simulation algorithm of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the EME can emulate PMSM with different parameters without replacing the inductor, with the frequency domain tracking error of high-frequency ripple current reduced from 160% to 20% of the traditional strategy, which significantly improves the emulation accuracy of the EME for the port-characteristics of PMSM.

  • Jian Zhao, Jinpeng Du, Bing Zhu, Zhicheng Chen, Jian Wu
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1479-1488.

    For the complex hydraulic nonlinearity and time-varying friction disturbance of the Integrated Electro-hydraulic Brake System (IEHB), an adaptive pressure control strategy is proposed. The outer-loop pressure controller introduces in a dynamic linearization model of hydraulic characteristics and realizes the adaptation of nonlinear hydraulic characteristics based on real-time identification of model parameters by a sliding mode observer. The inner-loop servo controller adopts pressure-based continuous friction compensation and back-stepping dynamic surface control to address frictional disturbance in the transmission mechanism. Hardware-in-the-loop test results show that, compared with the existing advanced cascade pressure control, the designed pressure control strategy exhibits higher control accuracy and robustness in various operating conditions, significantly improving the pressure control performance of IEHB under different hydraulic circuit structures.

  • Enlin Zhou, Mengyuan He, Qihang Zhao, Zhicheng He, Jin Huang
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1489-1500.

    At present, the assembly ratio of air suspension in different vehicle models is increasing, however, the air suspension matching of vehicle performance is mainly carried out based on the constant ambient temperature, and the control performance of air suspension in wide temperature range is rarely considered. For the problem of air suspension height control of passenger cars in wide temperature range, this paper proposes a wide temperature range air spring characterization model from the static characteristics of air springs, and simulates the height control of the suspension system of passenger cars in the non-motion state to carry out simulation and experiments, so as to realize the improvement of the service performance of the vehicle in the wide temperature range. Firstly, a wide temperature domain air spring model is established by wide temperature domain test data, which fully considers the influence of temperature on rubber and on gas. Secondly, an air suspension control algorithm based on the online linear quadratic regulator method (LQR) is proposed, which takes into account of the influence of temperature on airbag parameters. Finally, the robustness of the controller is verified under wide temperature domain conditions. Simulation and experiments show that the controller can control the body height to reach the target height and avoid oscillations under wide temperature range, with good stability and robustness.

  • Kai Wang, Zongyang Zhang, Tao Bing, Yunlong Cui, Shitao Sun, Anhai Li
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1501-1510.

    The load spectrum of commercial vehicle cab assembly is the key factor affecting the accuracy and computational efficiency of virtual fatigue prediction. In this article, key links such as road load spectrum collection and editing, high fidelity dynamic modeling, and virtual iteration are explored, in order to obtain accurate and efficient external point time-domain loads from the engineering application perspective. Firstly, the full path road load spectrum of the driver's cab assembly is collected from the actual vehicle in the test field, and the original data is normalized, split, and reassembled considering random errors to obtain a statistically strong total damage target in the test field. Then, using the principle of equal damage, 9 operating conditions and their number of cycles are optimized, which not only controls the error within 10%, but also increases the efficiency by 75%. Subsequently, based on the performance parameters of the measured damping components, a high fidelity rigid flexible coupling dynamic model of the cab is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified through a 7-channel road simulation bench in the cab. Finally, the load decomposition of the optimal operating conditions is completed through virtual iteration, with an iteration error of less than 10%. Based on the above optimization and decomposition of the external connection point load, the virtual fatigue calculation of the cab body is efficiently completed, and the failure of the cab welding points is accurately predicted, which has a high degree of consistency with the durability test results of the road simulation bench, providing strong technical support for the design and optimization of commercial vehicle cabins.

  • Yong Xu, Mingyu Gao, Wenlong Xie, Shihong Zhang, Zonghui Su
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1511-1519.

    Bipolar plates are one of the important components of hydrogen fuel cells. Titanium has many advantages as a metal bipolar plate substrate, but titanium has poor forming properties and severe rebound. In this paper, taking the micro channel hydroforming process of 0.1 mm TA2 pure titanium sheet as the research object, the microstructure deformation behavior of pure titanium is studied through the combination of experiment and finite element simulation, and the influence of process parameters on the forming quality of micro flow channel is analyzed, so as to provide guidance for the hydroforming of titanium bipolar plate. A finite element model has been developed for micro flow channel hydroforming of TA2 pure titanium sheet, and the accuracy of the finite element model is verified with the contours and thickness distribution of the test pieces. The effect of fluid pressure, loading rate and pulsatile loading on micro flow channel forming has been studied. The results show that the strain path of material in the process of micro flow channel hydroforming is plane strain, and the upper rounded corner position is the easiest to rupture. The loading rate does not have a great influence on the micro flow channel forming, and the molding depth decreases slightly by 3% with the increase of the loading rate. The pulsating loading path can improve the flow deformation ability of the material. Under the condition of critical fracture, the forming depth has a high increase compared with the linear loading path, which is up to 232.2 μm, an increase of 23%.

  • Liang Su, Daojun Wu, Quanquan Chen
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1520-1528.

    In order to identify and obtain the automotive structure fatigue damage of user route, the concepts of ‘element spectrum’ and ‘survey vehicle’ are proposed, and a convenient method for obtaining fatigue damage of automotive structure of user route based on road condition identification, classification and element spectrum is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of IRI (International Roughness Index) is established to identify the road grade and the method of identifying the user's road surface grade through the simple sensor scheme is established. And the correlation and independence between vehicle speed and IRI are studied. Subsequently, the method for determining the road classification and mileage distribution of the survey vehicle for user route based on IRI and vehicle speed is proposed. Then, combined with the element spectrum and unit mileage damage collected locally by the full-channel vehicle, the fatigue damage of the vehicle structure on the user's route is finally calculated efficiently. Thereby, the solution of ‘element spectrum + survey vehicle’ to identify the total damage of user route is created. The verification results are good, indicating that the technology and method studied is operable, exact and effective.

  • Zhe Liu, Hui Li, Dawei Gao, Yunkai Gao
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(8): 1529-1536.

    A study is conducted on the fatigue failure problem caused by the opening and closing of a car door. Firstly, the transient impact load under the door closing condition is discretized, and the vibration acceleration response signal and frequency response function are collected through the whole vehicle and bench tests respectively. Thus, the transfer path analysis (TPA) method is used to calculate the discretized transient impact load. Secondly, the obtained transient impact load is input into the finite element model of the door, and then the stress-time history response cloud diagram under the door closing condition is obtained, and the fatigue life under the door opening and closing condition is further calculated based on the fatigue damage theory. Finally, the fatigue analysis results based on load identification, the fatigue analysis results based on explicit dynamics and the fatigue test results under the door closed condition are compared and verified with each other. The conclusion shows that the three results are consistent, which has verified the rationality of the method.

  • Yinsong Xu, Wenhao Li, Changqing Du, Fuwu Yan
    Automotive Engineering. 2024, 46(7): 1137-1146.

    The operating parameters of the PEM fuel cell stack have an impact on the performance of the stack output as well as the parasitic power of auxiliary devices such as air compressor, recirculation pump and cooling fan. System maximum net power output goals can be achieved by optimizing the operating parameters of the fuel cell stack. Forthe actual system, constrained by the performance of the air compressor and the regulating capacity of the backpressure valve, the adjustment range of cathode operating parameters is limited. In this paper, the 62 kW fuel cell system model is established based on MATLAB/Simulink. Through simulation analysis, the achievable ranges of parameters optimization under various load currents are determined. Genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the fuel cell stack temperature, cathode pressure, and oxygen excess ratio. The results show that increasing the temperature of the fuel cell stack at various load currents is advantageous for enhancing the system's net power, with the optimal operating temperature being 80 ℃. However, the optimization direction for the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure varies at different load currents. At low load current (50, 100 A), increasing the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure results in a smaller growth in stack output power compared to the parasitic power. Providing lower oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure is advantageous for enhancing the net power of the system. At high load current (300 A), low oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure will limit the output power of the stack, with the lowest net power of only 35.530 kW. After the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure are reasonably increased, the optimal net power is 53.271 kW, and the net power can be increased by 49.9% through the optimization of operating parameters.