The axle and suspension are critical components of vehicles. To achieve real-time simulation of the solid axle and various suspension structures of a commercial vehicle,the property-based modeling technical route is adopted in this paper. The axle's movement is decoupled into motion kinematics and ride dynamics,while the suspension characteristics are divided into coupled carrying characteristics,RC/PC guiding characteristics,and coupled K&C kinematic characteristics. Innovatively considering the pitch dynamic effect of the axle,the nonlinear dynamic coupling relationship of suspension between axles,and the K&C coupling relationship of suspension between axles,a dynamic model for commercial vehicles is developed to trigger the negative phenomenon of brake vibration. Additionally,a K&C testing method for the coupled suspension and a method for model parameter identification are proposed. Finally,the accuracy of the model is validated at the system level by comparing K&C test data with TruckSim model results. Inputting vehicle parameters into the UniTruck software for simulation and comparing the results with TruckSim simulation,the model’s effectiveness is verified at the vehicle level.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |