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With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technologies，zero-gravity seat，with occupant comfort as core function，has been equipped in some vehicles. Compared to upright seating，reclined occupants face a higher risk of injury in collision，making the development of crash safety solutions imminent. In this paper，a review of the current research status and development trends regarding the crash safety of reclined occupants is conducted，focusing on injury mechanism，restraint systems，and research tools. The findings are summarized as follows： （1） Injury patterns for reclined occupants differ from those for upright occupants，and the injury mechanism at typical sites such as the lumbar spine and the iliac crest have not been fully clarified. （2） Traditional restraint systems with three-point seat belts as the core，even after improvement and optimization，is still difficult to provide effective overall protection for reclined occupants. Development of new protective means that can reasonably balance submarine and spinal injuries under the integrated active-passive safety system is a key issue in crash protection research for reclined occupants. （3） Crash dummies and human body models （HBMs），as the primary research and evaluation tools，need to improve their usability and bio-fidelity for reclined conditions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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