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The front axle manufactured through forging has large dimension，and the stress on it is complex. It is difficult to lightweight due to the limitation of the I-beam structure. In this paper，the design method of hollow front axle is given，and the hollow rectangular structure with variable cross-section and wall thickness and a combination of leaf spring seats are used to achieve lightweight and improve bending and torsion resistance. The influence of wall thickness at the kingpin hole on the strength of the fist is revealed，and the appropriate wall thickness range of the fist and the height and width coefficient of the plugging hole is given，by the vertical and longitudinal working conditions of the finite element mode. The 1：1 hollow front axle sample with an axle load of 5 t is produced by using seamless steel pipes，which is 10.75% lighter than the forged front axle. The variation law of vertical displacement and axial stress changes on the lower surface of the shaft and the stress distribution at the edge of the sealing hole on the outer end face of the fist are revealed through stiffness tests under vertical and longitudinal working conditions，as well as static strength and fatigue life tests under vertical working condition. The results show that the stiffness and static strength of the variable cross-section hollow rectangular front shaft meet industry standards，and the fatigue life under vertical working condition is much higher than industry standards. It is indicated that the variable cross-section hollow front axle can improve performance and achieve lightweight.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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