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To meet the stringent thermal management requirements of electric vehicles and address global climate change issues, in this paper an integrated thermal management system is developed for electric vehicles based on R290 refrigerant. The system's performance is analyzed and validated through simulation and experiments. The results show that the cooling and heating capacities of the R290 dualside indirect thermal management system increase with the increase of the compressor speed, while the coefficient of performance (COP) decreases with the increase of the compressor speed. The heating capacity from the compressor's hot gas bypass increases with higher system pressures. Under hightemperature cooling conditions at 40 °C, the system's maximum cooling capacity is 9.25 kW. Under lowtemperature heating conditions at 18 °C, the maximum heating capacity is 7.24 kW. At extremely low temperatures of 20 °C, the maximum heating capacity from the compressor's hot gas bypass is 4.3 kW.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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