To enhance the performance of fuel cells and reduce their application costs, from the perspectives of electrochemical principles and commercialization requirements, the paper summarizes industrially feasible technologies for improving catalyst layer materials, structures, and contact interfaces. It systematically reviews key technical advances in hydrogen fuel cell catalyst layers, including platinum-based catalysts, supports, ionomer optimization, structural design, and membrane electrode interface engineering. Moreouer, it analyzes existing challenges and future development directions.

To systematically review recent advances in mesoporous carbon materials as novel catalyst supports for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, this paper outlines synthetic strategies including templating, sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, and electrospinning, and elucidates how the microstructures of diverse supports such as ordered mesoporous carbons, hierarchical porous carbons, and heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbons govern catalytic performance. The research results indicate that the regular pore architecture, high specific surface area, and excellent chemical stability of mesoporous carbons significantly enhance Pt dispersion and oxygen transport efficiency. Future research will focus on 4 key directions: enhancing intrinsic stability, enabling low-cost scalable synthesis, achieving precise structural design, and optimizing synergy with low-Pt and non-Pt catalysts, thereby accelerating their engineering application.

As a core component of the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) exerts a direct influence on the power density, durability, and cost of the cell. Carbon fiber and carbon paper constitute the foundation of the GDL. This review systematically examines recent research progress in carbon fibers and carbon paper, encompassing aspects such as the material systems of carbon fibers and the fabrication processes of carbon paper. Furthermore, it analyzes the performance of these materials in practical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) applications, and explores their specific impacts on battery power density, durability, and cost. Finally, the study summarizes current critical technical bottlenecks and future development trends, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for the research, development, and industrial production of high-performance GDLs.

To clarify the core functions and technical value of elastic elements in fuel cell stacks, this study systematically reviews the types, structural characteristics, and applicable scenarios of mainstream elastic elements, provides an in-depth analysis of their design considerations, and forecasts technological evolution trends from the perspectives of materials, structures, functionality, and service life. The findings indicate that the technological development of elastic elements exhibits the following features: (1) Material hybridization can synergistically enhance mechanical performance and environmental aging resistance. (2) Structural integration contributes to simplifying assembly processes and improving interfacial contact stability. (3) Intelligent sensing and precise life prediction offer new paradigms for real-time stack condition monitoring and reliability assessment.

Purge operation in fuel cell vehicles constitutes a critical post‑operation process for fuel cell engines, and its efficiency directly determines the engine's cold‑start capability and overall system service life. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, functional definitions, and engineering implementation approaches of the purge process, this paper employs a combined method of bibliometric analysis and patent analysis to systematically investigate purge technologies for fuel cell vehicles. The results indicate that such technologies are characterized by the following features: (1) Purge architectures and strategies must be tailored to different operating conditions; (2) For a given operating scenario, optimal trade-offs between technical performance and economic cost should be pursued; (3) The optimal engineering realization of purging under specific conditions is not merely a water removal procedure, but rather a systematic decision-making process that integrates considerations of purge medium, target objects, operational parameters, and termination criteria, while simultaneously accounting for multiple constraints such as vehicle energy efficiency, performance recovery, service life, and safety.

In order to improve full cells, safety, based on an intelligent thermal management system for fuel cells, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the architectural design, control strategies, and performance of 2 types of thermal management systems (executive-type and adaptive-type), and elaborates on the technical parameters and verification results of the core controller. Based on hierarchical management and modular design, the adaptive intelligent thermal management system adopts a PID closed-loop control algorithm to achieve high-precision temperature control of±1 ℃, effectively enhancing the stability and economy of the fuel cell system.

To scientifically assess the application potential of carbon neutral fuels in vehicle power systems and support the low-carbon transition of the transportation sector, the paper integrates cutting-edge technological advances and industry research findings to innovatively construct a Fuel Evaluation System (FES) applicable to automotive power systems. Hydrogen, ammonia and methanol are selected as research subjects, while gasoline, diesel and natural gas are taken as comparative samples. A comprehensive assessment is conducted from 4 dimensions: fuel safety, production, storage, transportation and refueling, and technological research reserve. Additionally, a life-cycle carbon emission analysis of the fuels is supplemented. The results indicate that methanol and ammonia are currently the preferred carbon-neutral fuels for near-term promotion and application. Meanwhile, hydrogen fuel exhibits considerable potential and promising prospects, its widespread adoption is currently hindered by significant technical challenges pertaining to storage, transportation, and refueling safety.

To systematically assess the current status and implementation pathways of the Robotaxi industry, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the policy frameworks and commercialization models in China and the United States, reviews the progress and outcomes of pilot demonstrations in leading Chinese cities, and examines the strategic positioning, competitive landscape, and practical challenges faced by enterprises in this sector. The results show that driven by technological advancement and policy support, both vehicle costs and operational barriers continue to decline while commercialization capabilities steadily improve. As core entities in automotive intelligence, OEMs possess dual advantages in industrial resource integration and critical technology reserves, establishing themselves as key forces driving the commercial deployment of Robotaxis.

To address unavoidable dimensional clearance issues in motor products caused by manufacturing and assembly processes, a mathematical model for new energy vehicle motors considering clearance is established based on the second kind of Lagrange equation, incorporating the Lankarani-Nikravesh model and Hertz theory. Subsequently, a finite element simulation model is developed in ADAMS, and time history integration is performed using the Newmark integration method. The analysis statistically evaluates the effects of different types of structural clearance on the output rotational characteristics. The influence of clearance types and magnitudes on the dynamic performance of the motor is elucidated, providing theoretical support for the design improvement of new energy vehicle motor parameters.