To accelerate the commercial application of solid-state batteries, the paper investigates the thermal runaway characteristics of pouch-type semi-solid battery cells and small modules. The study reveals that compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries, semi-solid batteries exhibit more violent reactions during thermal runaway, characterized by intense combustion accompanied by a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas and internal active material ejection, with maximum temperatures exceeding 1 300 ℃. Based on these characteristics, the paper proposes a battery module solution integrating “directional venting” and “multi-level thermal insulation” safety design combined with an efficient cooling system. This solution effectively suppresses the propagation of thermal runaway after cell failure, and the directional venting design at the module level significantly reduces the complexity of thermal safety design for battery systems and enhances the thermal safety reliability of battery packs.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |