PDF
Full
Outline
In order to meet the goal of carbon neutrality, diversified development is required. In addition to adopting electrification and fuel cell technology, it is also necessary to develop zero-carbon or low-carbon fuel Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Ammonia, as a zero-carbon fuel and hydrogen carrier, has received increasing attention in the era of carbon neutrality. Many research institutions and universities have carried out research on ammonia as a fuel for ICE in the past 20 years. This review analyzes the feasible methods of ammonia application in ICEs based on a brief summary of the combustion characteristics and combustion mechanisms of ammonia and mixed fuels with other fuels, proposes new characteristics of ammonia ICEs compared to fossil fuel ICE and the key technologies that need to be addressed in future applications. The existing research shows that using high active fuels to ignite ammonia fuel is a feasible technical solution for ICEs. For Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine (SI-ICE), gasoline, natural gas and hydrogen can be used for ignition. Compared with traditional gasoline engines, gaseous ammonia reduces the power performance of the SI-ICE without changing the engine structure, while increasing the emissions of NOx and unburned NH3. For Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines (CI-ICE), low auto-ignition temperature fuels such as diesel and Dimethyl Ether (DME) can be used for ignition. Compared with pure diesel or DME ICE, the power performance of ammonia ICE decreases and emissions are related to the fuel mixture ratio. Among all ignition fuels, hydrogen fuel has the greatest potential for improving combustion and is zero-carbon emissions. Therefore, ammonia-hydrogen fusion engines are very competitive zero-carbon power in the era of carbon neutrality. Finally, there are some problems that need to be solved for the future application of ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel, including the development of dedicated ammonia injection systems, suitable post-treatment systems and on-board ammonia cracking systems.
PDF
232
103
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
关闭全屏
No. 86 Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn
Copyright © 2025 China Association for Science and Technology. All rights reserved. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
Sponsored by the Office of the Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization of CAST, and supported by Science and Technology Review Publishing House
