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To investigate the motion posture, submarining tendency and the effect of submarining on abdominal injury of child occupant in highly reclined seats in frontal collision, the dynamic simulation was conducted in the ECE R129 frontal collision trolley, with the validated child booster seat model and 6-year-old PIPER child biomechanical model in various sitting postures. The criterion for assessing the risk of child submarining was developed based on the anterior superior iliac spine of pelvis. The results indicate that when the seat back inclination exceeds 35° in the 50 km/h frontal collision, child occupant submarines, the abdominal compression and viscous index increase by 234% and 527% respectively and the maximum first principal strain of the liver increases by 45%, there is a risk of AIS 3 injury in the abdomen, measures to inhibit pelvis rotation of can diminish the inclination of submarining.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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