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Based on a 2.0 L naturally aspirated Atkinson gasoline engine with a Low Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation (LP-EGR) system, the effects of different EGR and EGR coupling Variable Valve Timing (VVT) on combustion characteristics and performance were studied. The results show that the LP-EGR can effectively suppress knocking and reduce pumping loss, improve fuel thermal efficiency of Atkinson gasoline engine and reduce NOx emission. For the Best Thermal Efficiency (BTE) point of the engine, the effective fuel thermal efficiency can be improved by 7.4% due to 27% of EGR rate. At the medium load point, the combustion stability can gradually deteriorate with the increase of the EGR rate, and the effective fuel thermal efficiency increases first and then decreases. At the external characteristic point, EGR can lead to a decrease in charging efficiency and power. In addition, the study shows that VVT and EGR have a coupling effect on fuel consumption of Atkinson gasoline engine.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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