To mitigate the interference of external disturbances and environmental uncertainties and improve vehicle speed tracking accuracy, this study proposes a longitudinal motion controller that integrates a High Gain Extended State Observer (HGESO) with Model Predictive Control (MPC). First, the multi-source external uncertainties are consolidated into a stochastic time-varying resistance term in the speed control framework, which is estimated using the HGESO. This approach is combined with a nominal state-space model to enhance the description of vehicle longitudinal dynamics. Subsequently, an incremental MPC controller incorporating the estimated disturbance resistance is employed. This controller designs a multi-objective optimization function that simultaneously considers longitudinal speed tracking error, ride comfort, and energy consumption, ultimately solving for the optimal control input. Finally, precise calibration of the lower-level controller’s mapping table is performed to ensure accurate output of throttle and brake commands, thereby enhancing the controller’s real-time execution capability. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in speed tracking accuracy under challenging conditions: a 35%~61.54% enhancement is achieved on steep slopes, and a 26.3%~80.8% improvement is observed during continuous steering maneuvers. The proposed control strategy effectively eliminates the impact of external disturbances on vehicle longitudinal control.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |