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Outline
The skeleton is a multiscale hierarchical structure composed of minerals, collagen proteins, and other constituents. The complex nonuniformity and anisotropy of bones are attributed to their adaptive characteristics under physiological loads. To characterize the biomechanical properties of bones in various fields such as mechanical engineering, biomechanics, medicine, aerospace, and forensics, it is necessary to employ a range of material testing methods to accurately obtain the material constitutive parameters of the skeleton. The article comprehensively introduces the preservation, preparation, testing, and identification methods for material constitutive parameters of bone specimens, and analyzes the characteristics of various mechanical testing methods and their requirements for bone samples. Additionally, the article discusses the application of new testing technologies in characterizing the biomechanical properties of bones. Finally, based on the threepoint bending testing method, this article proposes a process for acquiring material parameters of human bones. The methods and technologies discussed provide theoretical and methodological references for the systematic characterization of bone biomechanical properties.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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