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The paper reviews the formation mechanisms and detection methods of flooding and drying faults in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Firstly, the causes of flooding and drying faults are analyzed from the perspectives of structure, internal gas transport mechanism and water transport mechanism. Then, the fault detection methods based on modeling, datadriven approaches and direct imaging visualization are comprehensively investigated, and the technical characteristics of these diagnostic methods are deeply analyzed. Finally, considering the limitations and shortcomings of various diagnostic methods, the future improvement and development directions for diagnosing flooding and drying faults in PEMFCs are discussed. This includes utilizing technologies such as miniaturization and portability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis equipment, improving battery model parameters and sharing battery fault big data.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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