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Bidding Strategy for Electric Vehicles and Wind Power in Real-Time Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets
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Songling PANG1, 2, Yunan ZHAO1, 2, Linwei LI1, 2, Lihong MA1, 2, Kaidi FAN1, 2, Ruiyi HAO3, Qian ZHANG3
Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering | 2024, 14(6) : 1002 - 1013
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Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering | 2024, 14(6): 1002-1013
• Green and Low-Carbon Technologies Seetion •
Bidding Strategy for Electric Vehicles and Wind Power in Real-Time Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets
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Songling PANG1, 2, Yunan ZHAO1, 2, Linwei LI1, 2, Lihong MA1, 2, Kaidi FAN1, 2, Ruiyi HAO3, Qian ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
  • 2 Smart Grid and Island Microgrid Joint Laboratory,Haikou 570125,China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2024.06.08
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To address the issue of deviations from dayahead plans caused by the uncertainty in output from largescale electric vehicles (EVs) and wind power in the realtime energy and frequency regulation (FR) market, the paper proposes a realtime bidding model. The model incorporates a powercapacity deviation assessment mechanism to enable EVs and wind power to participate effectively in the energyFR market. A dynamic scheduling boundary model and a rapid power allocation model for electric vehicles are established to ensure that EV agents can make timely decisions in the realtime market. A powercapacity deviation penalty mechanism is introduced based on the game dynamics among market participants. A bidding strategy is proposed for EVs and wind power in the realtime energyFR market, and a twolevel optimization model is established. The upperlevel objective minimizes the deviation assessment costs for individual EVs or wind power units, while the lowerlevel objective minimizes the overall system operating cost. An example analysis is conducted to examine the dynamic boundaries and power allocation results for EVs, as well as the impact of the deviation assessment mechanism on the intraday optimization and bidding strategies of EVs and wind power. The results show that the proposed strategy achieves realtime power balance while optimizing returns for both.

electric vehicles  /  wind power  /  energy-frequency regulation market  /  real-time bidding  /  deviation assessment
Songling PANG, Yunan ZHAO, Linwei LI, Lihong MA, Kaidi FAN, Ruiyi HAO, Qian ZHANG. Bidding Strategy for Electric Vehicles and Wind Power in Real-Time Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2024 , 14 (6) : 1002 -1013 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2024.06.08
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2024.06.08
  • Receive Date：2024-01-25
  • Online Date：2025-07-20
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  • Received：2024-01-25
  • Revised：2024-03-01
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Affiliations
    1 State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
    2 Smart Grid and Island Microgrid Joint Laboratory,Haikou 570125,China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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