Full
Outline
To address the issue of lithium-ion power batteries experiencing drastic performance degradation in low-temperature environments, a composite thermal management strategy is proposed that combines high-frequency pulse self-heating with external film heating, supplemented by "constant temperature control". Internal heating uses high-frequency (3 kHz), high discharge rate (2C) pulse currents to rapidly raise the core temperature of the battery, while external distributed heating films (10 W) provide auxiliary heating. Tests are conducted in low-temperature environments of -10 ℃, -15 ℃, and-20 ℃. The results show that this composite heating strategy can significantly increase the heating rate and ensure good temperature uniformity within the battery pack. Compared to the control group without constant temperature measures, this system can maintain the battery operating temperature within an efficient range (22~25 ℃), increase the discharge voltage by about 0.9 V, and boost total discharge energy by 2.5%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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