To address the limited generalizability of electric-vehicle fault warning caused by large differences among vehicle models, restricted access to on-board private data and insufficient extraction of temporal features, the paper proposes a hybrid deep-learning fault-warning model based on grid-side charging-process data. First, model-independent voltage, current and other time-series data readily collected at charging piles are processed by the Transformer self-attention mechanism to capture global temporal dependencies and long-range correlations among key components such as batteries and motors. Scecond, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network models local temporal features in both directions to enhance the contextual representation of fault signatures. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifies the fused features to warn of fault levels during charging. Visualization of attention weights confirms that the model focuses effectively on fault-sensitive features such as voltage anomalies and abrupt temperature-gradient changes. The results show that the method enables unobtrusive "inspection while charging" fault warning using the charging process.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |