Path planning is a critical component in autonomous vehicle research, among which the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method has attracted significant attention due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, it also suffers from issues such as local minima, failure to reach the target and insufficient safety. This paper proposes optimizations to the APF method to address these limitations. Firstly, an elliptical repulsive potential field for obstacles is designed to mitigate collision risks when avoiding irregularly shaped obstacles. Secondly, a road boundary repulsive potential field is introduced to ensure strict adherence to traffic rules during vehicle operation. Thirdly, a velocity repulsive potential field is established to prevent collisions with moving obstacles. Fourthly, virtual target points are designed to help the vehicle escape local minima. Finally, these repulsive fields are integrated into a new unified formulation, facilitating the planning of paths consistent with structured road environments. After path planning, the generated path is smoothed using B-spline curve fitting. Validation results demonstrate that the optimized APF method produces safer, shorter and more realistic paths that bet.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |