The capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) are pivotal in combating climate change and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This review offers a comprehensive and critically focused analysis of post-capture CO2 handling methods, including storage, adsorption, and utilization, with a particular emphasis on emerging and innovative technologies. Distinctively, this study highlights advanced CO2 conversion pathways—such as photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction, membrane-based separations, and mineralization—by analyzing their mechanisms, energy demands, techno-economic feasibility, and integration potential with renewable energy sources. The review further explores the role of natural systems, especially microalgae and porous materials, in CO2 biofixation and adsorption under industrial conditions. Unlike conventional reviews, this work provides an in-depth comparative assessment of major capture methods (e.g., cryogenic separation, chemical absorption, and mixed-matrix membranes), emphasizing recent advancements and material innovations that enhance selectivity, thermal stability, and operational efficiency. By integrating perspectives from material science, process engineering, and environmental policy, this review presents a novel synthesis of current challenges and future opportunities in circular carbon management. These insights aim to support the development of scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable CO2 mitigation strategies for industrial deployment.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |