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Fracture conductivity damage in shale oil reservoirs: Mechanism model and its impact on oil production
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Liang Zhanga, b, *, Runzhen Wua, Chuan Hec, Xiang Lia, Yige Qia, Linchao Yangd, Zilin Zhangd
Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(2) : 556 - 573
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Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(2): 556-573
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Fracture conductivity damage in shale oil reservoirs: Mechanism model and its impact on oil production
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Liang Zhanga, b, *, Runzhen Wua, Chuan Hec, Xiang Lia, Yige Qia, Linchao Yangd, Zilin Zhangd
Affiliations
  • aSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
  • bKey Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
  • cShangma Subdistrict Office of Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266112, China
  • dShengli Oilfield, Sinopec, Dongying, 257000, China
Published: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.11.003
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Shale oil reservoirs often experience severe hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity and conductivity damage, leading to rapid production decline and low oil recovery. Understanding fracture damage mechanisms is crucial for optimizing stimulation and production strategies. This study established a novel conductivity damage model of hydraulic fracture incorporating stress sensitivity, gel-breaking residue deposition, and the process of shale particle hydration, expansion, shedding, and blockage. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by numerical simulation to evaluate the impact of different damage mechanisms on fracture conductivity and oil production. The simulation results indicate that different damage mechanisms have varying impacts on fracture conductivity and production. Stress sensitivity significantly reduces main fracture conductivity, but broken gel residue is the primary cause of oil production decline. In branch fractures, both stress sensitivity and broken gel residue decrease conductivity, with stress sensitivity having the greatest impact on production. Shale particle expansion and deposition can further impair fracture conductivity, while particle detachment and output help restore it. Oil production of branch fractures is more sensitive to conductivity damages. These insights can guide fracture design, fracturing fluid optimization, and production control. It is recommended to increase proppant concentration to mitigate the adverse effect of stress sensitivity on oil production, enhance the concentration of anti-swelling agents in the pre-slug of fracturing fluidto better protect branch fractures, and control drawdown pressure to prevent shale particles from detaching and depositing in the fractures.

Shale oil  /  Fracture conductivity  /  Stress sensitivity  /  Gel-breaking residue  /  Hydration and expansion  /  Damage mechanism
Liang Zhang, Runzhen Wu, Chuan He, Xiang Li, Yige Qi, Linchao Yang, Zilin Zhang. Fracture conductivity damage in shale oil reservoirs: Mechanism model and its impact on oil production[J]. Petroleum Research, 2026 , 11 (2) : 556 -573 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.11.003
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  • Shengli Oilfield Branch, Sinopec(30200002-21-FW2099-0088)
  • National Major Science and Technology Project for New Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas(2025ZD1404404-04)
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Year 2026 volume 11 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.11.003
  • Receive Date：2025-05-23
  • Online Date：2026-07-29
  • Published：2026-06-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-05-23
  • Revised：2025-11-18
  • Accepted：2025-11-21
Funding
Shengli Oilfield Branch, Sinopec(30200002-21-FW2099-0088)
National Major Science and Technology Project for New Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas(2025ZD1404404-04)
Affiliations
    aSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
    bKey Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
    cShangma Subdistrict Office of Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266112, China
    dShengli Oilfield, Sinopec, Dongying, 257000, China

Corresponding:

*

School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. E-mail address: (L. Zhang).
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Citations
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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