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Proppant transportation in vertical fractures with controlled roughness in different positions
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Jun Lia, *, Qingyuan Pua, Siyuan Heb, Mingyi Wub, Kewen Tanga
Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(3) : 815 - 826
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Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(3): 815-826
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Proppant transportation in vertical fractures with controlled roughness in different positions
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Jun Lia, *, Qingyuan Pua, Siyuan Heb, Mingyi Wub, Kewen Tanga
Affiliations
  • aState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611630, China
  • bSichuan Particles Energy and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611630, China
Published: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.12.003
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Effective proppant placement is essential for increasing the production of unconventional oil/gas reservoirs. It can substantially affect the fracture roughness. This paper presents a laboratory fracture model to quantify the effect of fracture roughness under well-controlled conditions. This model simulates fracture roughness by embedding particles into the walls. Via this model, the roughness can be well controlled and defined. The effect of fracture roughness location is quantified as an example to demonstrate the usefulness of the controllable fracture model. Using a fracture model with two-sided roughness, the relationships between roughness location, pump rate, and inlet location were established. The experimental results show that the rough surface in the middle resulted in a large void space in the fracture, which became more evident at a higher pump rate. This phenomenon has unexpected consequences for oil and gas production. Based on these experimental results, different sand injection modes were tested to reduce the void space caused by the surface roughness in the fractured middle. An injection mode that involves alternatively pumping proppants of different sizes was proposed to solve this problem effectively.

Hydraulic fracturing  /  Controlled roughness  /  Roughness position  /  Proppant transportation efficiency  /  Proppant packing pattern
Jun Li, Qingyuan Pu, Siyuan He, Mingyi Wu, Kewen Tang. Proppant transportation in vertical fractures with controlled roughness in different positions[J]. Petroleum Research, 2026 , 11 (3) : 815 -826 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.12.003
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  • CNPC Innovation Found(2024DQ02-0131)
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Year 2026 volume 11 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.12.003
  • Receive Date：2025-09-08
  • Online Date：2026-10-14
  • Published：2026-09-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-09-08
  • Revised：2025-12-09
  • Accepted：2025-12-22
Funding
CNPC Innovation Found(2024DQ02-0131)
Affiliations
    aState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611630, China
    bSichuan Particles Energy and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611630, China

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* E-mail address: (J. Li).
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/pr/EN/10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.12.003
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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