At present, the world is experiencing an unprecedented period of change, and the third wave of energy conversion is also emerging. Natural gas is widely regarded as an ideal bridge between traditional fossil fuels and new energy transformations due to its significant low-carbon advantages. Forecasting shale gas output each day is key for secure natural gas provision. However, the high dimension and nonlinear characteristics of shale gas production data present significant challenges for prediction. Therefore, this study proposes a segmented modeling method that divides the production cycle into unstable and stable periods and combines the IPSO–CNN-BiGRU-Attention hybrid model to model these two cycles respectively. Comparative results indicate segmented modeling offers superior predictive performance compared to whole production cycle modeling. Furthermore, when modeling different periods, the IPSO–CNN-BiGRU-Attention hybrid model demonstrates a superior predictive effect compared to traditional single time series models.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |