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Characteristics, emissions, capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review of challenges and technologies for greenhouse gas mitigation
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Ali Akbaria, *, Hossein Sarvib, Mehdi Malekib, Sina Bahreynib, Reza Azimib, Alireza Radpourb
Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(1) : 116 - 138
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Petroleum Research | 2026, 11(1): 116-138
• Review Article •
Characteristics, emissions, capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review of challenges and technologies for greenhouse gas mitigation
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Ali Akbaria, *, Hossein Sarvib, Mehdi Malekib, Sina Bahreynib, Reza Azimib, Alireza Radpourb
Affiliations
  • aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
  • bDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
Published: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.07.001
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The capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) are pivotal in combating climate change and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This review offers a comprehensive and critically focused analysis of post-capture CO2 handling methods, including storage, adsorption, and utilization, with a particular emphasis on emerging and innovative technologies. Distinctively, this study highlights advanced CO2 conversion pathways—such as photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction, membrane-based separations, and mineralization—by analyzing their mechanisms, energy demands, techno-economic feasibility, and integration potential with renewable energy sources. The review further explores the role of natural systems, especially microalgae and porous materials, in CO2 biofixation and adsorption under industrial conditions. Unlike conventional reviews, this work provides an in-depth comparative assessment of major capture methods (e.g., cryogenic separation, chemical absorption, and mixed-matrix membranes), emphasizing recent advancements and material innovations that enhance selectivity, thermal stability, and operational efficiency. By integrating perspectives from material science, process engineering, and environmental policy, this review presents a novel synthesis of current challenges and future opportunities in circular carbon management. These insights aim to support the development of scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable CO2 mitigation strategies for industrial deployment.

Carbon dioxide capture  /  Storage  /  Utilization  /  Greenhouse gas  /  Separation processes  /  Disposal  /  Adsorption  /  Transport
Ali Akbari, Hossein Sarvi, Mehdi Maleki, Sina Bahreyni, Reza Azimi, Alireza Radpour. Characteristics, emissions, capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review of challenges and technologies for greenhouse gas mitigation[J]. Petroleum Research, 2026 , 11 (1) : 116 -138 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.07.001
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Year 2026 volume 11 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.07.001
  • Receive Date：2025-01-08
  • Online Date：2026-10-14
  • Published：2026-03-10
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History
  • Received：2025-01-08
  • Revised：2025-07-03
  • Accepted：2025-07-03
Affiliations
    aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
    bDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

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* E-mail addresses: , (A. Akbari).
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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