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This study explores the depositional and diagenetic heterogeneities of the Sarvak Formation, a paleokarst carbonate reservoir in the Zagros Basin, Iran, using sedimentological, diagenetic, and statistical analyses. Petrographic studies and well log data, combined with methods like Winland rock type classification, hydraulic flow unit analysis, and Lorenz zonation, were used to assess reservoir properties at multiple scales. Two heterogeneity scales were identified: small-scale (millimeter to centimeter), driven by facies variations and diagenesis, and large-scale (meter), linked to facies transitions and sequence stratigraphy. Large-scale heterogeneities, particularly those tied to sequence stratigraphic boundaries, are traceable within third-order sequences and systems tracts. The highest-quality reservoir intervals, characterized by rudist-rich zones and dissolved shoal facies, are found beneath the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, preserving youthful karst features. In contrast, non-reservoir intervals beneath the mid-Turonian disconformity exhibit collapsed features from prolonged subaerial exposure, forming an over-mature karst profile. Small-scale heterogeneities require further investigation within lower-order sequences for accurate prediction. This research integrates various analytical methods, providing a robust framework for understanding how depositional and diagenetic factors control reservoir quality, enhancing predictability in karstified carbonate systems for hydrocarbon exploration and development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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