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Influence of RAP content on the mesostructure and mechanical response of recycled asphalt mixtures
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Liwan Shia, Zhiyong Hub, *, Hao Lic, Bohuang Lind, Youwei Tanc, Yi Denga
Particuology | 2026, 115 : 238 - 255
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Particuology | 2026, 115: 238-255
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Influence of RAP content on the mesostructure and mechanical response of recycled asphalt mixtures
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Liwan Shia, Zhiyong Hub, *, Hao Lic, Bohuang Lind, Youwei Tanc, Yi Denga
Affiliations
  • aSchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China
  • bWuhan Qingchuan University, 430204, Wuhan, China
  • cFoshan Transportation Technology Tiannuo (Guangdong) Materials Co., Ltd, 528000, Foshan, China
  • dNational Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 410114, Changsha, China
Published: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.019
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The road performance of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is crucial for low-carbon road construction. However, existing studies lack refined simulation of the mesostructure involving RAP, new aggregates, aged asphalt, and new asphalt, leaving the effects of different RAP contents on stress distribution and damage mechanisms unclear. This study develops discrete element models to analyze the influence of RAP content on mesoscopic stress evolution, crack propagation, and aggregate breakage. The results show that when RAP content exceeds 45%, aged asphalt and RAP exhibit notably non-uniform distributions. The maximum normal stress occurs at the loading center, while the maximum shear stress is located at the bottom sides of the loading center. As RAP content rises from 15 % to 60 %, the number of effective microcracks increases by 2.04 times. The length and area of slip-bands grows rapidly, and the crack damage index D follows an exponential upward trend. Considering rutting resistance, crack resistance, and resource utilization efficiency comprehensively, the recommended suitable RAP content range is 30 % - 45 %, with the following threshold values: number of slip-bands≤8, average length of slip-bands≤48 mm, and D ≤ 7.5 %. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the meso-mechanical behavior of recycled asphalt mixtures.

Recycled asphalt mixture  /  Discrete element method  /  Stress distribution  /  Microcrack  /  Aggregate breakage
Liwan Shi, Zhiyong Hu, Hao Li, Bohuang Lin, Youwei Tan, Yi Deng. Influence of RAP content on the mesostructure and mechanical response of recycled asphalt mixtures[J]. Particuology, 2026 , 115 : 238 -255 . DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.019
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  • Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011019; 2022A1515010845)
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Year 2026 volume 115 Issue 0
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.019
  • Receive Date：2026-02-13
  • Online Date：2026-08-20
  • Published：2026-08-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-02-13
  • Revised：2026-05-18
  • Accepted：2026-05-23
Funding
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011019; 2022A1515010845)
Affiliations
    aSchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China
    bWuhan Qingchuan University, 430204, Wuhan, China
    cFoshan Transportation Technology Tiannuo (Guangdong) Materials Co., Ltd, 528000, Foshan, China
    dNational Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 410114, Changsha, China

Corresponding:

* E-mail address: (Z. Hu).
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/partic/EN/10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.019
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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