Unveiling the size-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of silicon anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries

Unveiling the size-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of silicon anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries

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Shi-Jie Yang^a^,^b, Ao-Long Yue^a^,^b, Hong Yuan^a^,^b^,^c^,^*, Ming-Xuan Xu^a^,^b, Zi-Hao Zuo^a^,^b, Di-Chen Wu^b^,^c, Yao-Hui Zhu^b^,^c, Chen Ling^a^,^b, Jia-Qi Huang^a^,^b^,^c^,^**

Particuology | 2026, 115 : 118 - 125

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Particuology | 2026, 115: 118-125

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Unveiling the size-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of silicon anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries

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Shi-Jie Yang^a^,^b, Ao-Long Yue^a^,^b, Hong Yuan^a^,^b^,^c^,^*, Ming-Xuan Xu^a^,^b, Zi-Hao Zuo^a^,^b, Di-Chen Wu^b^,^c, Yao-Hui Zhu^b^,^c, Chen Ling^a^,^b, Jia-Qi Huang^a^,^b^,^c^,^**

Affiliations

^aSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

^bSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

^cSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China

About Author:

The authors contributed equally to this work.

Published: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.04.028

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Abstract

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High-capacity silicon anodes hold great promise for safe and energy-dense all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), yet their practical application is hindered by interfacial degradation and mechanical fracture, which severely limit their cycle life. Herein, we unravel the particle-size-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of Si anodes in sulfide-based ASSLBs. The micro-sized Si (μm-Si) anode exhibits favorable initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE, 79.15%) and reversible capacity (2260.5 mAh g⁻¹) but succumbs to progressive particle fracture under prolonged cycling due to cumulative mechanical stress from large volume swings. By contrast, the nano-sized Si (nm-Si) anode suffers from severe interfacial side reactions and irreversible volume expansion due to its larger specific area and dense electrode structure, resulting in lower initial performance (ICE of 72.21%, 1372.7 mAh g⁻¹). In subsequent cycles, the nm-Si anode experiences continuous interfacial side reactions, leading to substantial accumulation of interfacial decomposition byproducts and sustained capacity decay. These contrasting failure pathways establish electro-chemo-mechanical coupling as the governing principle and provide a particle-size-dependent design framework for high-performance Si-based ASSLBs.

Key words

All-solid-state batteries / Silicon anode / Failure mechanisms / Particle size / Solid electrolyte interphase

Cite this Article

Shi-Jie Yang, Ao-Long Yue, Hong Yuan, Ming-Xuan Xu, Zi-Hao Zuo, Di-Chen Wu, Yao-Hui Zhu, Chen Ling, Jia-Qi Huang. Unveiling the size-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms of silicon anodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries[J]. Particuology, 2026 , 115 : 118 -125 . DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.04.028

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Funding

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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479012; 224B2901)
Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L223009)
Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2024208084)

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Year 2026 volume 115 Issue 0

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Article Info

doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.04.028

Receive Date：2026-04-02
Online Date：2026-08-20
Published：2026-08-10

Article Data

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History

Received：2026-04-02
Revised：2026-04-28
Accepted：2026-04-29

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479012; 224B2901)

Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L223009)

Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2024208084)

Affiliations

^aSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

^bSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

^cSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China

Corresponding:

^* School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. E-mail addresses: yuanhong@bit.edu.cn (H. Yuan)

^** School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. jqhuang@bit.edu.cn (J.-Q. Huang).

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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