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Thermal energy storage (TES) is a key enabler for the large-scale utilization of intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and it also offers an efficient pathway for industrial electrification and decarbonization. However, the widespread adoption of TES is hindered by the high cost of conventional TES materials, such as alumina, magnesium oxide, and other ceramics. This study investigates the feasibility of converting coal gangue, an abundant industrial waste with considerable environmental impact, into a low-cost, mechanically stable, and thermally efficient material for medium-to high-temperature sensible heat storage applications. Three representative coal gangue samples from the Ordos region in Inner Mongolia, China, were calcined at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1300 ℃ to optimize their phase compositions, mechanical strengths, and thermophysical properties. Among the samples, Sample A from Jungar exhibited the best overall performance, achieving a volumetric heat storage density of approximately 555 kWh m−3 at 1200 ℃, which is comparable to typical sensible heat storage materials, while maintaining good mechanical integrity and satisfactory cyclic stability. With near-zero raw-material cost, a simple single-step preparation process, and potential policy incentives for solid-waste utilization, the coal-gangue-based composites developed here offer clear economic and environmental advantages and introduce a promising, low-cost material system for sustainable TES applications at medium-to high-temperature levels.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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