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Laser ignition and combustion process of single boron agglomerate in steam
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Gan Yanga, Binbin Chena, *, Likun Maa, Yunchao Fenga, Lian Duanb, Zhixun Xiaa, Chaolong Lic
Particuology | 2026, 115 : 55 - 67
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Particuology | 2026, 115: 55-67
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Laser ignition and combustion process of single boron agglomerate in steam
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Gan Yanga, Binbin Chena, *, Likun Maa, Yunchao Fenga, Lian Duanb, Zhixun Xiaa, Chaolong Lic
Affiliations
  • aAdvanced Propulsion Technology Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
  • bSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
  • cTest Center, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an, 710106, China
Published: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.007
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To investigate the ignition and combustion mechanisms of boron agglomerates in oxygen-free steam for water ramjet applications, a laser ignition single-particle experimental system was established. The combustion process was found to comprise four sequential stages: preheating and structural loosening, molten collapse, micro-explosion combustion, and quasi-steady combustion. The results indicate that steam can act as an oxidizer to support vigorous boron combustion. Its unique chemical role (reacting with B2O3 to form volatile HBO2) effectively accelerates the removal of the surface oxide layer, resulting in a relatively thin molten shell. Entrapped steam continuously reacts with internal boron, generating gaseous products (H2, etc.) that trigger a distinct micro-explosion mode characterized by sustained ejection rather than the expansion-dominated behavior observed in air. Kinetic analysis reveals that the quasi-steady combustion stage is diffusion-controlled, with a burning rate constant comparable to that in air. A quantitative evaluation based on volume change yields a final combustion efficiency of approximately 39.1% in pure steam. These single-particle-level observations provide essential experimental evidence for understanding boron combustion mechanisms and for designing boron-based water-reactive fuel systems.

Boron agglomerate  /  Laser ignition  /  Steam atmosphere  /  Micro-explosion  /  Combustion kinetics  /  Single particle
Gan Yang, Binbin Chen, Likun Ma, Yunchao Feng, Lian Duan, Zhixun Xia, Chaolong Li. Laser ignition and combustion process of single boron agglomerate in steam[J]. Particuology, 2026 , 115 : 55 -67 . DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.007
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Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(12502325)
  • Innovation Research Foundation of National University of Defense Technology(ZK24-62; 25-ZZCX-DFXJS-05)
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Year 2026 volume 115 Issue 0
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75
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.007
  • Receive Date：2026-03-02
  • Online Date：2026-08-20
  • Published：2026-08-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-03-02
  • Revised：2026-04-23
  • Accepted：2026-05-05
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12502325)
Innovation Research Foundation of National University of Defense Technology(ZK24-62; 25-ZZCX-DFXJS-05)
Affiliations
    aAdvanced Propulsion Technology Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
    bSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
    cTest Center, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an, 710106, China

Corresponding:

* E-mail address: (B. Chen).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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