Hydrogen-free cyclized polyacrylonitrile binder enables thermally robust lithium-ion batteries

Hydrogen-free cyclized polyacrylonitrile binder enables thermally robust lithium-ion batteries

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Kai Chen^a, Dian Zhang^a, Feng Jiang^a, Nai-Lu Shen^a, Xiao-Hui Yan^a, Ke-Feng Ren^b, Xin Shen^a^,^*, Lungang Chen^c, He Liu^b^,^**, Faxing Wang^a, Shengjie Peng^a, Yuping Wu^a, Xin-Bing Cheng^a^,^***

Particuology | 2026, 115 : 25 - 34

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Particuology | 2026, 115: 25-34

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Hydrogen-free cyclized polyacrylonitrile binder enables thermally robust lithium-ion batteries

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Affiliations

^aZ Energy Storage Center, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

^bJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

^cKey Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

Published: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.005

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Abstract

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Hydrogen generation during thermal runaway significantly elevates the risk of explosive combustion in lithium-ion batteries. Although hydrogen generated from binders constitutes a minor fraction, its absolute quantity remains substantial in large-scale stationary energy storage systems. Moreover, binder decomposition occurs during the later stages of thermal runaway with rapid reaction rates, further raising the danger level. Herein, graphite anode with polyacrylonitrile binder is in situ cyclized to eliminate the active hydrogen, while maintaining superior cohesiveness. On one hand, cyclized polyacrylonitrile with largely reduced hydrogen atoms can prevent binder-induced hydrogen generation and realize a reduction of hydrogen fraction by over 23%. As the three-dimensional cross-linking binders increase the thermal stability of anodes, the peak decomposition temperature of solid electrolyte interphase is increased from 150 to 200 ℃ to above 200 ℃, while the peak reaction temperature between lithiated graphite and the electrolyte is delayed by at least 15 ℃. On the other hand, the transformation from linear to cyclic molecular structures of cyclized polyacrylonitrile enables uniform and tight encapsulation of graphite and enhanced cohesiveness. Capacity retentions of 97% after 200 cycles in half cells and 72% after 800 cycles in full cells are achieved.

Key words

Lithium-ion battery / Thermal runaway / Hydrogen / Binder / Cyclized polyacrylonitrile

Cite this Article

Kai Chen, Dian Zhang, Feng Jiang, Nai-Lu Shen, Xiao-Hui Yan, Ke-Feng Ren, Xin Shen, Lungang Chen, He Liu, Faxing Wang, Shengjie Peng, Yuping Wu, Xin-Bing Cheng. Hydrogen-free cyclized polyacrylonitrile binder enables thermally robust lithium-ion batteries[J]. Particuology, 2026 , 115 : 25 -34 . DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.005

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Funding

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National Natural Science Foundation of China(92372111; 22179070)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(RF1028623157)

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Year 2026 volume 115 Issue 0

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Article Info

doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.005

Receive Date：2026-04-15
Online Date：2026-08-20
Published：2026-08-10

Article Data

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History

Received：2026-04-15
Revised：2026-05-08
Accepted：2026-05-09

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(92372111; 22179070)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(RF1028623157)

Affiliations

^aZ Energy Storage Center, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

^bJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

^cKey Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

Corresponding:

^* E-mail addresses: shenx25@seu.edu.cn (X. Shen)

^** liuhe@nuist.edu.cn (H. Liu)

^*** chengxb@seu.edu.cn (X.-B. Cheng).

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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