In this study, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were surface-engineered with a biobased carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) coating to develop a recyclable inhibitor for controlling mineral scale formation through interfacial interactions. The Fe3O4@CMI nanocomposite was synthesized via co-precipitation, achieving a uniform ~59 wt% polymer layer without altering the cubic spinel structure of magnetite. Comprehensive surface and interface characterization by XRD, FTIR, TGA, VSM, and SEM confirmed the preservation of superparamagnetic properties and effective polymer anchoring via carboxylate-iron interactions. The coated nanoparticles exhibited strong affinity for scaling ions, disrupting crystal nucleation and growth at the solid-liquid interface, as evidenced by morphological transformations of gypsum, calcite, and barite deposits. Under both static and high-pressure-high-temperature dynamic conditions, Fe3O4@CMI achieved complete gypsum inhibition at concentrations as low as 1-5 ppm and maintained full efficiency over multiple magnetic recovery cycles. Enhanced calcium compatibility in saline brines further underscores the stability of the modified surface, preventing secondary precipitation and enabling reliable reuse. These results highlight the critical role of interface engineering in tailoring nanoparticle-scale crystal interactions for sustainable and low-discharge chemicals for oilfield scale management.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |