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Outline
The accurate measurement of granular fertilizer mass flow rate presents a significant challenge for achieving precision fertilization. Due to the complex dynamics of granular flows, traditional measurement methods often struggle to handle the resulting signals, which are typically characterized by significant noise and non-stationarity. To address this issue, a novel pre-processing algorithm for granular fertilizer flow signals acquired by a microwave sensor was proposed. Initially, a model of the fertilizer discharge pipeline was constructed and simulation experiments were conducted. These simulations determined that under conditions of a 400 mm pipeline length and 30 mm diameter, the impact of particle collisions within the pipeline on velocity was minimized. Based on these simulation results, a signal acquisition platform for granular fertilizer mass flow was established. Through analysis of the acquired flow signals, a hybrid denoising algorithm combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was innovatively proposed. Experimental results demonstrated that after processing with this algorithm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal was increased by 7.375 7 dB, and the root mean square error was decreased by 57%. The algorithm effectively separated the noise component from the signal, thereby significantly improving the measurement accuracy of the granular fertilizer mass flow rate. Finally, real-world vehicle tests were conducted. The processed flow signals exhibited a maximum relative error of 13.84% and a minimum relative error of 1.36%. The results confirmed that the experimental platform developed and the proposed denoising algorithm provided reliable technical support for precision fertilization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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