Full
Outline
In order to optimize the irrigation system of tomato under film drip irrigation in solar greenhouse in Northwest China, two experiments in spring and autumn in 2023 were conducted, four irrigation amounts (W1: 125% ETc, W2: 100% ETc, W3: 75% ETc, W4: 50% ETc, ETc is crop evapotranspiration) and three irrigation frequencies (D1: every 4 days, D2: every 7 days, D3: every 10 days) were set, and the effects of irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on soil moisture content distribution, root architecture, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, yield quality and water productivity of tomatoes were systematically evaluated. The results showed that irrigation amount and irrigation frequency had significant effects on root architecture, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, yield quality and water productivity (P<0.05). High-frequency irrigation (D1) significantly increased the soil water content in the 0~60 cm soil layer, and the soil moisture content in autumn was higher than that in spring. Appropriately increasing irrigation amount and high-frequency irrigation was beneficial to the growth of tomato roots, improving the photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves, and thus promoting the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency. The total root length and root surface area of W2D1 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05), while excessive irrigation was not conducive to root growth. The net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of the photosystem, actual photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ and relative content of leaf chlorophyll in the W2D1 treatment were maximized. Appropriately increasing irrigation amount and high-frequency irrigation could increase yield (5.74%~57.78%). High-frequency irrigation could improve water productivity, increase soluble solids content, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, and titratable acid content in tomato fruits, thereby improving tomato quality. A comprehensive evaluation of underground root characteristics, leaf photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, yield and quality, and water productivity by using the TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method revealed that the W2D1 treatment had the highest relative similarity in comprehensive indicators, resulting in the optimal comprehensive evaluation. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the formulation of efficient water-saving irrigation system for greenhouse tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation in Northwest China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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