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This Meta-analysis integrated 102 published domestic and international studies on biochar and humic acid application from 2019 to 2024. It examined their effects on crop yield and physicochemical-biological indicators of the 0~20 cm soil layer across three dimensions: application type (X1), application rate (X2), and application duration (X3). Results indicated that biochar and humic acid application significantly increased crop yield, soil pH value, porosity, total nitrogen content, organic matter content, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (P<0.01), while significantly reducing bulk density, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus content, and urease activity. The BRT model revealed the contribution order of factors as X2>X3>X1. The most pronounced yield increase occurred at application rates exceeding 40 t/hm2 and application durations exceeding 4 years, with respective yield increases of 20.43% and 18.4%. Application rates of 0~20 t/hm2 significantly increased available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease content, and catalase activity by 28.29%, 10.01%, 12.37%, and 2.69%, respectively. Application rates of 20~40 t/hm2 increased pH value (3.77%) and nitrate nitrogen content (47.85%); application rates exceeding 40 t/hm2 significantly reduced bulk density (8.66%), while increasing porosity (15.75%), total nitrogen content (20.31%), and organic matter content (40.51%). Application duration of 0~2 years significantly reduced electrical conductivity (17.92%) and ammonium nitrogen (2.70%), but increased soil organic matter content (33.60%), available phosphorus content (26.07%), nitrate nitrogen content (6.88%), and catalase activity (4.51%); Application duration of 2~4 years increased soil pH value (16.80%), porosity (4.92%), and urease activity (17.43%); Application periods exceeding 4 years significantly increased alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (22.89%) and total nitrogen content (22.49%)(P<0.05). The research quantitatively identified optimal application strategies for biochar and humic acid, providing theoretical foundations for optimizing their agricultural applications and practical guidance for farmland soil improvement.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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