Full
Outline
Given the current research on beef cattle behavior, which mainly focused on basic behavior recognition and lacked local perception of complex behaviors, the identification of fine behaviors under basic behaviors of beef cattle was researched. A multi-behavior detection and statistical method based on YOLO v8 for beef cattle was proposed. Cattle behavior images were collected by cameras to build a comprehensive dataset that included fundamental behaviors such as standing, lying down, feeding, and drinking, as well as fine behaviors like licking, walking, searching, and tail flicking. YOLO v8n-P2 was selected as the basic model to enhance the ability of the model to detect calves; the feature extraction structure of C2F-PPA was designed; the YOLO v8 detection head was improved by interactive strategy, and the TDADH was constructed. MPDIoU loss function was used to address limitations associated with CIoU. Subsequently, statistical analysis of cattle behaviors based on detection results throughout the day was conducted; these results were visually displayed for various occlusion environments. The experimental results showed that the PTPM-YOLO v8n model achieved precision rate of 91.0%, a recall rate of 87.9%, and a mAP@0.5 score of 94.3% in recognizing all eight behaviors tested. Compared with the original model YOLO v8n, the mAP@0.5 of PTPM-YOLO v8n was increased by 3.0 percentage points, and the parameter number was decreased by 21.9%. which identified all behaviors and basic behaviors, the mAP@0.5 was increased by 3.0 and 2.4 percentage points, respectively. The method presented can accurately identify fine behaviors of beef cattle under farming conditions, providing a reference for multi-behavior monitoring of beef cattle.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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