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Outline
Aiming to address the key issues of low irrigation water use efficiency and backward management levels in grape cultivation in arid valley regions. It focused on collecting big data on the habitat and physiology of grape crops, integrating agronomic theoretical data, and an integrated decision-making system for water and fertilizer management was designed based on comprehensive multi-data coupling analysis. The system utilized standard Modbus protocol sensors for data collection and employed a LORA low-power wireless networking transmission module with freely settable timing. By integrating devices such as cloud boxes, gateways, and DTUs, the system established a soil and environmental Internet of things (IoT) monitoring and collection system, achieving continuous online monitoring and data collection of soil and the environment. The LORA wireless network transmission adopted the Modbus-RTU protocol for data transfer. The system incorporated a crop cultivation model built with an optimized fuzzy PID control algorithm based on the revised PM model. Through this model, the system can drive decision-making for irrigation and fertilization management, optimizing the agricultural production process. It achieved online control of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation equipment, reducing the need for manual operation. Experimental results showed that compared with traditional PID and fuzzy PID, the system's overshoot was reduced by 13.6 percentage points and 3.6 percentage points respectively, the system response rate was increased by 58.2% and 26.6% respectively; water usage was reduced by 25.0% and 13.5% respectively, and fertilizer usage was reduced by 30.0% and 17.1% respectively. This system aimed to promote the upgrade of integrated water and fertilizer technology, transforming the decision-making mechanism from “theory-oriented, experience-guided, and fixed-value regulation” to a benchmark based on big data analysis and judgment, with the expectation of providing technical support for the realization of real-time and precise regulation of integrated water and fertilizer management in grape plantations in arid valley regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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