The development of new energy power equipment for agriculture is of great significance for promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture, ensuring national food security and achieving agricultural modernization. A systematic review of domestic and international research progress in new power equipment for agricultural was provided. It focused on analyzing the current status and development trends of four major categories of equipment: new energy tractors, new energy micro-tiller, new energy work platforms, and new energy agricultural low-altitude aircraft. In the field of new energy agricultural machinery, tractors are developing in parallel toward pure electric, hybrid, and clean fuel options; new energy micro-tiller are evolving from “pure electric dominance” to “electric and hybrid parallel development and intelligent self-propulsion”. New energy work platforms are advancing along a technical path characterized by “electric drive as the main power source, supplemented by hydrogen/biofuels, and multi-form coordination of wheels, tracks, and wheeled legs”. New energy agricultural low-altitude aircraft are developing along a technical route featuring “electric drive as the main power source, hydrogen energy for extended range”. However, the new energy agricultural equipment industry is currently facing challenges such as inadequate adaptation of core technologies, an incomplete standard testing system, weak industrial chain coordination, lagging infrastructure, and an incomplete market service system. To this end, it was proposed that future efforts should be coordinated across multiple fronts: top-level policy design and standard testing, breakthroughs in key “three-electric” technologies and specialized chassis systems, industrial chain collaboration and pilot-scale validation, energy-supply infrastructure such as fast charging, battery swapping, and hydrogen fuel, and the completion of scenario-based demonstration and service systems. It was suggested to enhance the adaptability and reliability of new energy agricultural machinery to promote the application of electric agricultural machinery.