PDF
Full
Outline
Ratoon rice, defined as the production of a second crop from the stubbles remaining after harvest of the main crop, was increasingly promoted in China as a strategy to enhance annual grain yield on limited arable land without additional land preparation, sowing, or transplanting. With the rapid adoption of combine harvesters in major rice-growing regions, mechanized rice ratooning technology with the main crop harvested mechanically became the predominant method in ratoon rice. However, mechanical harvesting introduced critical constraints to ratoon crop. Track-induced crushing, excessive ground pressure, and unstable cutting height frequently caused stubble breakage and axillary bud injury, thereby reducing bud survival, suppressing ratoon tiller production, and compromising yield formation and milling quality in the ratoon crop. These mechanical damages emerged as a primary bottleneck limiting the stable and large-scale adoption of mechanized rice ratooning system. From an agricultural engineering perspective, this review systematically synthesized recent advances in understanding damage mechanisms and in developing technical strategies for loss mitigation, yield stabilization, and quality improvement in mechanized rice ratooning system, with emphasis on machinery optimization, varietal improvement, and integrated agronomic management. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ground contact pressure and shear forces generated by harvester tracks disrupted stubble structural integrity, damaged vascular tissues, and impeded assimilate translocation to regenerated buds. Under high soil moisture conditions, increased sinkage and soil deformation amplified mechanical stress, substantially reducing bud sprouting rates within track zones compared with non-track areas. In crushed zones, ratoon development often shifted from upper-node buds to lower-node buds with delayed phenology, resulting in reduced canopy uniformity, decreased effective panicle number, and significant yield penalties. Delayed panicle emergence in track areas also led to asynchronous maturity within fields, thereby decreasing head rice rate and increasing variability in milling quality. To quantify mechanical damage, studies adopted indicators including missing-stubble rate, bud survival rate, ratoon tiller-to-panicle conversion rate, yield loss rate, head rice rate, and chalkiness-related parameters. Emerging technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, machine vision, and in-field sensors were increasingly applied to identify track zones and characterize spatial heterogeneity of mechanical damage, although standardized evaluation protocols remain insufficient. Engineering innovations primarily targeted reductions in crushed area and crushing intensity, as well as improvements in stubble-height uniformity. Advances included lightweight chassis designs with reduced ground pressure, optimized track width and cutting width configurations, automatic header-height control based on multi-sensor perception systems, stubble-righting devices integrated with harvesters, and navigation-assisted path planning to minimize track overlap and headland damage. Although these technologies effectively mitigated mechanical impact and improved ratoon crop performance under experimental conditions, trade-offs among ground pressure, machine stability, fuel consumption, operational cost, and field adaptability limited widespread commercial application. Varietal differences in stem mechanical strength, ratooning ability, and non-structural carbohydrate reserves significantly influenced tolerance to mechanical harvesting stress. Evaluation metrics extended beyond ratoon yield to include bud survival rate, ratoon panicle number, stem morphological traits, and biomechanical properties. Although quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with ratooning ability and stem strength were reported, stable loci and deployable molecular markers specifically targeting crushing tolerance remain limited. Complementary agronomic practices, including skip-row planting, pre-harvest drainage to enhance soil bearing capacity, timely post-harvest nitrogen topdressing with balanced phosphorus and potassium inputs, and targeted rehabilitation of track zones, partially alleviated yield and quality losses. Overall, the accumulated evidence indicated that future progress in mechanized rice ratooning system depended on coordinated machine, variety, and agronomy integration, lightweight and intelligent harvester development, standardized damage evaluation systems, and digital monitoring platforms to ensure stable, scalable, and quality-oriented ratoon rice production.
PDF
191
73
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
关闭全屏
No. 86 Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn
Copyright © 2025 China Association for Science and Technology. All rights reserved. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
Sponsored by the Office of the Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization of CAST, and supported by Science and Technology Review Publishing House
