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Outline
Utilizing a repetitive control-based proactive controller known as the‘virtual crankshaft’, diverse piston trajectory operating characteristics under the same compression ratio(represented by parameter Ω, which is the ratio between the minor axis and the major axis of the ellipse generating trajectories)were achieved in a free piston engine. Through an analysis considering characteristics such as indicated thermal efficiency, peak pressure location, ignition delay, nitrogen oxide emissions, etc., an optimal piston trajectory based on parameter Ω was obtained. Using this as the initial condition for optimization parameters, a global optimization design of the piston trajectory was performed based on a genetic algorithm, with indicated thermal efficiency as the optimization objective. The research results demonstrate that changes in the piston trajectory affect ammonia HCCI combustion processes. The optimized trajectory obtained through the design optimization process shows a 3.35% improvement in indicated thermal efficiency compared to traditional internal combustion engines, along with a 42.93% reduction in ignition delay time.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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