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An engine-after-treatment virtual simulation model was built for emission prediction of in-use light-duty vehicles under real drive emission(RDE) conditions. First, a one-dimensional engine model was built and calibrated with steady-state and transient experimental engine emissions. The results show that the relative errors of cumulative mass of CO and NO emissions are 9.2% and 5.8%, respectively, under RDE conditions. Secondly, the after-treatment performance tests were conducted, and the after-treatment temperature, light-off time and aging models were verified. The results show that during the first 35s in world light vehicle test cycle(WLTC), the maximum error of temperature in the axial direction of the front catalytic converter is 52℃, and the absolute(relative) errors of post-catalytic cumulative masses of CO and NO are 0.0385g(5.90%) and 0.0011g (0.75%), respectively. Finally, the emission patterns of WLTC, RDE and standardized random test-aggressive driving style (RTS-95) working conditions were investigated under different catalytic converter aging conditions using the virtual simulation model. It is found that NO emission is more sensitive to the working conditions and the risk of exceeding the limit is higher. The NO instantaneous mass emission threshold is set to 8mg/s, and the warning window width was investigated for the RTS-95 operating condition with a catalytic converter dispersion factor of 0.6. The result shows that increasing the warning window width will reduce the misjudgment rate and the recognition probability of cold start overrun.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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