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In response to the challenges of high centralization, low node voting enthusiasm, and vulnerability to manipulation in committee-based blockchain systems, this paper proposes a decentralized node management method based on a multi-level committee structure. The method introduces a comprehensive node assessment model for preliminary screening of all network nodes, and incorporates a point decay algorithm to dynamically elect block-producing nodes, thereby ensuring the system's decentralized nature. Finally, a reward and punishment incentive mechanism is introduced to encourage nodes to maintain active behavior within the blockchain system. Experiments show that the multi-level architecture and the proposed consensus algorithm improve the decentralization level of the blockchain system compared to similar algorithms, and achieve better performance in terms of resistance to manipulation, block production speed, node voting enthusiasm, and the speed of malicious node removal.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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