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Efficiency optimization in UAV-STAR-RIS assisted UDNs
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Guobin ZHANG1, 2, Han CHEN3, Zhiqing YANG3, Xiaobin LI3
Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition) | 2025, 45(5) : 14 - 22
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Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition) | 2025, 45(5): 14-22
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered 6th Generation Broadband Wireless Communication Technology •
Efficiency optimization in UAV-STAR-RIS assisted UDNs
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Guobin ZHANG1, 2, Han CHEN3, Zhiqing YANG3, Xiaobin LI3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Low-Altitude Equipment and Intelligent Control, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China
  • 2.School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
  • 3.College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
doi: 10.14132/j.cnki.1673-5439.2025.05.002
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In the 5G era, ultra-dense networks (UDNs) face significant challenges in cost and energy efficiency optimization. This study proposes a network planning and design approachthat combines unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs). An ultra-dense network model is constructed, incorporating macro base station, user terminals, and UAV-carried STAR-RIS modules. The soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm is employed to optimize network parameters with the goal of maximizing system efficiency while meeting communication rate requirement. Rate and power models are developed and an objective function of energy and cost efficiency is formulated. The SAC algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem and determine the optimal network configuration under constraints of power, rate, and cost. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach effectively enhances network energy and cost efficiency, thereby reducing energy consumption and deployment cost of the system.

ultra-dense network(UDN)  /  unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)  /  simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface(STAR-RIS)  /  soft actor-critic(SAC) algorithm  /  efficiency optimization
Guobin ZHANG, Han CHEN, Zhiqing YANG, Xiaobin LI. Efficiency optimization in UAV-STAR-RIS assisted UDNs[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition), 2025 , 45 (5) : 14 -22 . DOI: 10.14132/j.cnki.1673-5439.2025.05.002
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 5
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doi: 10.14132/j.cnki.1673-5439.2025.05.002
  • Receive Date：2025-04-29
  • Online Date：2026-04-16
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  • Received：2025-04-29
  • Revised：2025-08-26
Affiliations
    1.School of Low-Altitude Equipment and Intelligent Control, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China
    2.School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
    3.College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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