¹Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China

²Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China

³Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA

⁴Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

⁵Department of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02152, USA

⁶Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

⁷Department of Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany

⁸Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

⁹Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA

¹⁰Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA