¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China

²Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200336, China

³The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China

⁴Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China

⁵Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China

⁶Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China

⁷Department of Functional Materials, Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA

⁸Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68130, USA

⁹Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong 643002, Sichuan, China

¹⁰Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China