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Real-time ultrasound-guided external intracerebral hemorrhage drain placement
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Cong Feng1, †, Sai Huang2, †, Li Chen1, †, Xuan Zhou1, Li-Li Wang1, Fa-Qin Lv3, *, Tan-Shi Li1, *
Military Medical Research | 2021, 8(1) : 138 - 140
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Military Medical Research | 2021, 8(1): 138-140
• LETTER TO THE EDITOR •
Real-time ultrasound-guided external intracerebral hemorrhage drain placement
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Cong Feng1, †, Sai Huang2, †, Li Chen1, †, Xuan Zhou1, Li-Li Wang1, Fa-Qin Lv3, *, Tan-Shi Li1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Emergency, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Hematology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 3Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
Published: 2021-03-10 doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00261-9
Outline
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We report a new minimally invasive technique utilizing interventional ultrasound for precise external intracerebral hemorrhage drain (EICHD) placement in pigs.

Ultrasound guidance  /  Intracerebral hemorrhage  /  External drain
Cong Feng, Sai Huang, Li Chen, Xuan Zhou, Li-Li Wang, Fa-Qin Lv, Tan-Shi Li. Real-time ultrasound-guided external intracerebral hemorrhage drain placement[J]. Military Medical Research, 2021 , 8 (1) : 138 -140 . DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00261-9
Full Text
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Background
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The severity of cerebral injury is related to the development and formation of a hematoma, which could cause secondary events, including elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and edema. It is critical that large hematomas are evacuated at an early stage. Catheter drainage-based techniques are notable examples of minimally invasive techniques for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation[1]. These catheter insertion approaches are assisted by many kinds of imaging techniques and can be performed through a small burr hole. However, many procedures cannot be performed at the bedside because they usually require surgical neuronavigation or the assistance of other large imaging equipment. Here, we described a minimally invasive interventional technique using real-time ultrasound guidance through a small burr hole to achieve external intracerebral hemorrhage drainage (EICHD) placement.
Methods
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Three healthy male miniature pigs weighing (10±1) kg were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of 3% pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg). We mimicked the clinical conditions of traumatic ICH using an animal model of parenchymal hematoma that was established by stereotactic injection of 3 ml of nonanticoagulated autologous arterial blood into the right lobe of the brain parenchyma 20 mm from the skull[2].
After the model was established, each brain was subjected to a transcranial ultrasound examination (Bmode and color Doppler) at the back of the ear to identify the parenchymal hematoma (Fig. 1a). After identification of the parenchymal hematoma, the ultrasound probe was adjusted so that the puncture guideline could pass through the center of the parenchymal hematoma, and the exact entry point of the EICHD could also be determined (Additional file 1: Figure S1). The distance from the guide channel entrance to the center of hematoma could be calculated (Fig. 1b). Then, to accommodate the 16-gauge needle (outer diameter 1.6 mm) and catheter (outer diameter 3.0 mm), a 7.0 mm-diameter burr hole was made at the determined entry point using a 7 mm perforator drill under the guidance of the ultrasound. After burr hole establishment, we performed an EICHD insertion under real-time ultrasound guidance (Fig. 1c).
Results
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After the catheter was placed slightly in the parenchymal hematoma (Fig. 1d) and blood could be seen flowing out of the catheter (Additional file 1: Figure S2), the process of EICHD was classified as successful, and the catheter could be positioned and secured well.
Discussion
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Traumatic cerebral injury usually leads to intracerebral hematoma with a mass effect, and EICHD could aid in decompression, which might help to reduce the mortality and disability rate. Recently, with the development of ultrasound equipment, some studies have reported that ultrasound-guided catheter drainage in clinical ICH cases could achieve EVD placement through a burr hole[3]. Therefore, we attempted a new minimally invasive technique of real-time ultrasound-guided EICHD placement with commonly used ultrasonic and other interventional equipment that could be operated at the bedside and resulted in much less invasive damage to the patient.
We have tested a new minimally invasive approach of local hemostatic drug therapy by the real-time guidance of transcranial contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) based on the same model of traumatic ICH[4]. This study is a continuation and extension of our previous study and forms a set of effective treatment methods for ICH.
However, this new technique also has many limitations. First, because the physiologic window of the skull was limited and the window was relatively narrow, hematomas in all areas of the brain could not be scanned using the current method. Second, this minimally invasive technique could be performed only if the hematoma had been clearly identified. Third, the detection of the hematoma location by transcranial ultrasound was limited due to the two-dimensional images and the limited physiologic window of the skull. Therefore, this technique still requires further investigation.
Abbreviations
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EICHD: External intracerebral hemorrhage drain; ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP: Intracranial pressure.
Supplementary information
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Supplementary information accompanies this paper at .https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00261-9.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. One interventional burr hole is placed for the EICHD catheter, whose positions are adjusted by the ultrasound transducer. Figure S2. Blood could be seen flowing out of the catheter.
Authors’ contributions
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TSL, FQL and LC designed the study. CF and XZ performed experiments. SH and LLW helped with data collection and statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Availability of data and materials
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Not applicable.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
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The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research from the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), and all experimental pigs received humane care.
Consent for publication
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Not applicable.
Competing interests
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author details
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1Department of Emergency, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. 2Department of Hematology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. 3Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China.
Funding
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  • present study was supported by grants from the Beijing Science and Technology New Star Project(XX2018019/Z181100006218028)
  • National Natural Science Fund(81701961)
  • PLA Logistic Major Science and Technology Project(16QNP135)
  • PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(2018XXFC-20)
  • PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(16KMM56)
  • PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(2017FC-WJFWZX-30)
  • Winter Olympics of Science and Technology(2019YFF0302300)
  • Construction Project of Key Disciplines in the 13th Five-Year Plan of the PLA (Traumatic Surgery in the Battlefield, 2019–126, 2019–513)
References
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1.
Mould WA, Carhuapoma JR, Muschelli J, Lane K, Morgan TC, McBee NA, et al. Minimally invasive surgery plus recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation decreases perihematomal edema. Stroke. 2013;44(3):627–34.
2.
Bullock R, Mendelow AD, Teasdale GM, Graham DI. Intracranial haemorrhage induced at arterial pressure in the rat. Part 1: description of technique, ICP changes and neuropathological findings. Neurol Res. 1984; 6(4):184–8.
3.
Manfield JH, Yu KKH. Real-time ultrasound-guided external ventricular drain placement: technical note. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):E5.
4.
Feng C, Huang S, Zhou X, Wang L, Cui X, Chen L, et al. Interventional ultrasound assisted early local hemostatic drug therapy in traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2020;46(1):180–7.
Appendix
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Year 2021 volume 8 Issue 1
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63
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Cite this Article
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Article Info
doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00261-9
  • Online Date：2025-12-17
  • Published：2021-03-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
Funding
present study was supported by grants from the Beijing Science and Technology New Star Project(XX2018019/Z181100006218028)
National Natural Science Fund(81701961)
PLA Logistic Major Science and Technology Project(16QNP135)
PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(2018XXFC-20)
PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(16KMM56)
PLA General Hospital Science and Technology Project(2017FC-WJFWZX-30)
Winter Olympics of Science and Technology(2019YFF0302300)
Construction Project of Key Disciplines in the 13th Five-Year Plan of the PLA (Traumatic Surgery in the Battlefield, 2019–126, 2019–513)
Affiliations
    1Department of Emergency, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
    2Department of Hematology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
    3Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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