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To investigate the relationship between grain-filling characteristics and grain weight of different wheat varieties in rice-wheat cropping area along the Huaihe River, 23 cultivars were used in this study. The grain-filling process was simulated using the Richards model, to analyze the relationships between grain weight, grain-filling characteristics, and grain phenotype. Results indicated that grain weight and grain-filling parameters were predominantly governed by genotype. The theoretical thousand-kernel weight (TKW) predicted by the Richards model closely aligns with the field-measured values. Significant differences were observed among cultivars of differing grain-weight classes in terms of maximum single-grain filling rate and average single-grain filling rate. Whereas, no significant differences were detected in filling duration, number of active filling days, or the timing of peak filling rate. Differences in grain-filling rates among the three grain-weight classes high-, medium-, and low-grain-weight were primarily confined to the rapid grain-filling phase. The average grain-filling rate of high-grain-weight and medium-grain-weight cultivars increased by 16.94% and 10.34%, respectively, compared with the low-grain-weight cultivars. The average grain-filling rate per single grain of the high-grain-weight and medium-grain-weight types increased by 16.01% and 10.46%, respectively. Grain morphological traits including grain length, grain width, perimeter, and surface area also significantly differed among grain-weight classes, consistently following the order: high-grain-weight>medium-grain-weight>low-grain-weight, whereas there was no significant difference for the grain length-to-width ratio among the cultivar groups. Correlation analysis revealed that TKW was significantly and positively correlated (P<0.05) with grain length, grain width, perimeter, surface area, and grain-filling rate, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.99. In summary, this study indicates that the synergistic differences in grain size (e.g., grain length and width) and the rapid grain filling rate during the rapid growth period are the main reasons for the grain weight differentiation among different grain weight types of wheat varieties.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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