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To efficiently explore the genetic potential of barley germplasm resources and broaden the genetic basis for barley genetic improvement in China, this study utilized 79 domestic and foreign barley accessions introduced from Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia, Australia, and other countries, as well as domestic sources. Major agronomic traits, quality traits, and grain morphological indicators were systematically measured, and comprehensive evaluations were conducted using methods such as the Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results indicated that the genetic variation of the tested barley accessions was substantial, with coefficients of variation ranging from 4.69% (grain width) to 42.99% (grains per spike), and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices ranging from 1.26 (grain length-to-width ratio) to 2.08 (grain surface area and grain width). For domestic barley from different sources, the coefficients of variation for major traits ranged from 0.85% (plant height) to 24.39% (yield), while for foreign barley, they ranged from 0.91% to 23.54%. Barley from Kazakhstan exhibited the tallest plant height, and barley from Russia had the highest protein content on a dry basis. Correlation analysis showed that grain starch content was significantly negatively correlated with crude protein content and fiber content, while crude protein content was significantly positively correlated with fiber content. Thousand-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain surface area, grain perimeter, grain length, and grain width (P<0.01). A regression model constructed based on stepwise regression analysis indicated that plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length, fiber content, thousand-grain weight, and grain perimeter could serve as key comprehensive evaluation indicators for screening high-quality barley germplasm. Principal component analysis of 17 traits extracted seven principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.257%, effectively capturing the main information of the original data. Combined with the membership function to calculate comprehensive scores (D-values), the top five accessions ranked by D-values were D-76, Wangchuan P148, 2163, HBL002, and Fengnongpi 1, which can be utilized as high-quality parental materials for barley genetic improvement. Cluster analysis classified the tested materials into three groups.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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