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Outline
In order to explore the effects of different mulching methods on soil water and thermo-conditions, and dry matter accumulation of spring wheat in dryland of northwest China under different precipitation years, the dynamic changes of soil water and thermo-conditions, and growth and development of spring wheat under different treatments were studied using the spring wheat variety Xihan 3 as the material, and three treatments were set up, including straw strip mulching(SSM), plastic film mulching(PMS) and open field flat planting(CK). The results showed that compared with CK, PMS and SSM treatments significantly increased the average soil water content during the whole growth period of spring wheat, with an average increase of 4.54% and 6.78%, respectively. PMS treatment significantly increased soil temperature by 5.76%. SSM treatment significantly reduced soil temperature by 10.85%. Mulching treatment significantly increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation of spring wheat, and the increase rate ranked as PMS>SSM, while the translocation rate of dry matter to grain before anthesis in dry year was significantly increased, which was 11.81%-19.36% higher than that of CK; the increase of spike number was the main factor of yield increase. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture had a more prominent role in promoting early dry matter accumulation and population formation in the normal water year, while the correlation between population dry matter accumulation process and yield formation was significantly enhanced in the dry year. Mulching can significantly improve the soil water and thermo-status, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of spring wheat in dryland. Among them, straw strip mulching is stable in maintaining a high proportion of grain dry matter distribution and promoting grain dry matter accumulation, without any risk of plastic film pollution. It is a green and efficient cultivation technology suitable for promotion in arid areas of northwest China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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